Stress always goes hand in hand with health. Depending to the stress level of a person, the impact of stress in the body can range from minor sweaty palms right through to being fatal and causing death. In order to manage stress and health better, you must first be familiar with the severe effects of stress in the body.

*Physical & Behavioral Signs Of Stress*
Stressors can be either external or internal. External stressors involve situations in the workplace, death or illness in the family, or by simply becoming angry. On the other hand, most of the stress that people experience is self-generated or internal. A person usually creates his or her own stress but this indicates that the person has the choice or doing nothing or something about it.

Your major body systems are all affected by stress.
When a person feels stressed, there will be an increase in heart rate, and an elevation in the blood pressure levels. The continuous pressure in the heart can also make a person vulnerable to cardiac arrest and other cardiac-related problems.

The digestive system is also affected when you are stressed. Some people can experience diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dryness of the mouth and the throat. Stress may also cause sleeping disorders, nausea and in some cases even a tightness of the chest, neck, jaw and the back muscles. You may also experience tooth grinding.

Often there are also changes in behavioral patterns noticeable in a person experiencing chronic levels of stress. Smokers normally experience an increase in smoking patterns. Aggressive behaviors and hostility towards others and even inanimate objects are sometimes linked to a person being easily startled. A person?s diet can also be affected by the irregular eating habits caused by stress.

Some people who cannot handle stress unfortunately resort to increased levels of alcohol and drug use. Additionally, unhealthy compulsive behavior, impatience and carelessness are also the behavioral effects of stress.

* Long Term Implications of poor stress management *
Long term stress in your life will badly affect your health and wellbeing overall. During stress the body produces hormones that enable the body to cope with the current situation. Short term effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and corticosteroids include tense muscles, queasiness and an in increase in breathing and heart rates.

The long term implications of these hormones include allergic reactions, digestive disorder, heart disease, fatigue headaches and migraine. Even some cases of impotence and premature ejaculation can occur in men or erratic menstrual cycles for some women. When the body continuously releases these hormones your sleeping patterns can also be affected and can sometimes lead to chronic insomnia. With severe cases of stress, it can cause eczema, ulcerative colitis, mouth and peptic ulcers and recurring muscular aches and pains.

* Healthy Lifestyle to reduce stress levels in your life *
How a person identifies stress is important to their overall health. When the stress becomes too much to handle, the damage to their physical and mental well-being can be irreversible. Living a healthy life can help a person cope with stress easily.

* Tips for Better Managing Your Stress *
Although a build up of stress can result in major risks, it can also be a positive catalyst for change in your life. Do not let stress accumulate without making the necessary lifestyle changes, otherwise the result can be fatal. By recognizing the stressors, you can put each of them in place and deal with them one by one. Remember that stress can be a healthy signal that you need to make some positive changes in your life, and that now is the best time to make decisions.

* Breathing And Relaxing to Control Stress *
Oxygen is obviously very important to the body. Taking a deep breath adds oxygen to the system, which can help you relax.

Take a short walk in some fresh air, go get a glass a glass of filtered water and do something that can change your focus onto something positive. Try smiling and take a short moment focusing on something else other than your problem. Watch some funny videos before you start your day or listen to comedy audio tapes when you drive in traffic. By the time you get back to your problem, it would not seem nearly as undefeatable.

* Enjoy The Good Things Of Life And Be Positive *
When you let stressful events build up, you can forget to enjoy the good things of life. Remember that life offers many more important things other than work. Reserve some time to actually recognize the good things in your life. Practice being grateful for what you have in your life.

* Know Yourself and Work on Your Limitations *
By recognizing your limitations, you can evade situations that can usually lead to the piling up of work. And you do not need to take responsibility for the work that some one else has left undone. Do not burden yourself with the problems of other people.

If you continuously beat yourself up with needless guilt, not only will you be unable to manage your stress but you will instead worsen the situation.

There are other several ways to help you manage your stress. If you are into self help books, sometimes taking time reading your favorite book can help you in putting the problem out of your mind, or help you to come up with creative solutions. Taking a warm bath and watching your favorite show on TV can also help you. Always remember that the keyword in better stress management is Relaxation.

* Strategies to Use for Avoiding Stress Build Up*
Stress build up can pose major health risks to you in the long term if you do not start to deal with it now. Often times, people who do not know how to handle stress find themselves in rehabilitation facilities that offer twelve-step programs that could help them recover. So have a policy that stress avoidance is always better than cure. Learn to avoid stress build up through simple strategies that you could practice in your free time.

* Learn To Have Fun *
Look into yourself and find something that you are into. There are bound to be some games or fun activities that you can enjoy by yourself or with friends and family. Find the things that you enjoy the most. Hobbies are helpful activities to enhance the overall relaxation process.

Drawing and gardening are great stress relievers but you are not limited to these two. You can practically put your hands on anything that you enjoy doing. Maybe start collecting something of interest as a hobby. Take some craft classes, or learn to dance. If there was a sport you enjoyed in school, you might be able to start getting back into shape with that interest again. Learn that it is fine to have a little fun after hard days of work.

* Taking Better Care Of Your Health *
If you have a predetermined health condition, stress can greatly aggravate that condition. Maintaining a healthy diet and physical activity levels can help you in avoiding the health risks from stress.

Healthy eating at home can help you lose some spare pounds around the stomach, since most people who are stressed-out tend to gain more weight than others. Planning ahead is an important step in eating healthy. Do your shopping for weekly groceries, and plan your home meals every week. Keep your cooking simple and fast to reduce your daily stress. Eating healthy does not mean that you need to prepare a four-course meal. A simple balanced meal with the combination of protein, fresh fruits, green vegetables, wholegrain bread and not too much fat is enough to get you going. You can even find healthy recipes online. Eating organic produce also helps to eliminate many of the toxins that can stress your body. Drink plenty of filtered water and reduce your caffeine and soda drinks.

Exercising can help you cope with stress easily. You can also enroll yourself in weekly gym classes or dance classes depending on how much free time you have. Through gentle and consistent exercise your body releases more of the endorphins that increase your feelings of wellbeing. It does not have to be overly strenuous, just enough to get a slight sweat and glow to your skin.

* Ask For Support When you Need it. *
Never blame yourself for the cause of stress as this will only worsen the stress that you are already feeling. Do not build a wall around you whenever you are feeling stressed and never let yourself feel helpless. Ask family or friends to assist you to cope. Stress is an enemy that you can triumph upon with the help of loved ones.

* You can use Spiritual Practices For Avoiding Stress *
Practicing meditation can help you clear you mind in stressful situations. Seniors use prayers as stress reliever. Prayers can also maintain emotional stability. Learn what you need to maintain your Mind, Body, Spirit Balance for your overall wellbeing.

About Author

Gen Wright -
About the Author:

These suggestions are a good start for learning stress management for better health. You can learn many more online tips at http://www.squidoo.com/Manage-Your-Health-And-Stress There are also some really helpful steps to reduce your stress levels covered online here http://www.squidoo.com/Personal-Stress-Management-get-rid-of-stress

One person’s idea of stress relief is another person’s idea of stress. The only way to get stress relief is to back off and give ourselves a break to introduce margin into our lives. When stress relief is an absolute must, many people find that learning how to refocus thoughts can very much help.

However, people who own pets usually have made their decision to get a dog, cat or other pet because they enjoy animals and the stress relief is just an added bonus. Stress relief is a process that helps the stressed individuals to relax and enable you to keep balance in your life. Stress Gum is an innovative gum that provides you with most effective way to calm stressed nerves and promote a sense of well-being naturally.

Stress Gum

Chewing Gum just to freshen your breath is a thing of the past. The use of chewing gum as a delivery system vastly improves the rate of absorption of the product into the body, as compared to capsules or tablets which have to enter the digestive system before they can be absorbed into the body. Stress Gum is a chewing gum that has been uniquely formulated with a variety of natural herbal ingredients known to help relieve stress.

Being superior to a pill, Stress Gum is absorbed into the bloodstream immediately to give the powerful results you want. Stress Gum also helps fight tooth decay and cleans teeth after meals, provides a no-calorie snack, improves concentration, relaxes and eases tension, freshens breath, and improves digestion. Chew Stress Gum the next time you’re on a plane to counteract the effect of air pressure changes on your ears.

Each piece of gum contains a revolutionary sustained release system that orally delivers the 120-mg proprietary blend of active ingredients that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. This delivery system relies on micro-sized beads that are released by chewing the gum and are immediately absorbed into the tissue of the lining in the mouth through the capillaries that lie close to the surface. Over four safe, carefully chosen herbs are used to manufacture this gum. Stress Gum comes to the rescue with a completely NATURAL herbal formula that REDUCES the symptoms associated with stress, anxiety and depression.

Stress Gum is safe and effective thanks to a scientific blend of old-world herbs. Best of all, Stress Gum leads to none of the harsh side-effects associated with expensive prescription drugs. The gum requires no prescription and is easily affordable for everyone. It is an innovative gum that provides you with most effectiveway to calm stressed nerves and promote a sense of well-being naturally.

Conclusion

Everyone knows that stress relief is becoming more important as our world becomes increasingly stressful. Paying close attention to body signals, recognizing the prodrome of an outbreak and immediately beginning anti-viral treatment, cool baths, pain relievers and stress relief is the start of control. Finding ways to provide stress relief is important and vital to our long-term health. Stress Gum is an all natural supplement that effectively addresses the diverse and debilitating symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

About Author

Paul Rodgers -
About the Author:

Effective stress management is a lifestyle and we must learn to incorporate into our daily lives. Being superior to a pill, Stress Gum is absorbed into the bloodstream immediately to give the powerful results you want. Find out more about Stress Relief Gum

Paul Rodgers specializes in marketing natural health and beauty products

University life, is full of stress it can be financial, academic or social.  When a student  goes to university, after living with his or her parents their whole life being student newbie  can be overwhelming by all the options, pressure and freedom. Many students cannot handle all the constant state of stress and pressure.

University life, is the most important phase of life for a student as this is when he or she learns how to handle pressure.To overcome your stress, you need to be organized and be prepared for everything that could be expected.

Many people learn this in university and the same rules apply throughout their life. It is something that you need learn from your experience’s,  when dealing with student stress and your personal life.

Listed below are some useful tips and suggestions to help you manage student stress in a healthy way. Here is a list of 5 ways to reduce stress as a student.

1. Time management:  Having classes, jobs, assignments and tests are only a small part of the life as a  student. But also having to balance  parties to attend, gym classes, football practice with your academic studies. Time management is the key to leading a stress free life in university. To make sure you get everything done right, you need to create a practical timetable for every activity. You should stick to your planned schedule and allocate each of the important activities in terms of their priority.

2. Prioritize: It sometimes becomes impossible to do everything when you are a student. It is inevitable that you will have to choose between two or more of your activities. You should have a clear list of priorities in your mind. At the top of the list should be studies because that is the reason why you are in university. Nothing should ever hinder the progress of your studies. As long as you are doing good in your studies, you should be stress free most of the time.

3. Financial stress: Most of the students deal with financial stress in their student life. To get over it you can search for part time jobs, financial aids and jobs during summer vacations. It is a good idea to create a budget of your expenses and stay under it at all cost. Make sure to stick to the budget you created, then you will never worry about money as a student.

4. Relationship stress: Relationships are a big cause of stress, not only in university but throughout life. But it becomes very difficult when you are a young person in university and when you are not as experienced with relationships as adults are. It is at this stage that  most students are under constant stress due to relationships.

You need to understand as a student, that this is just the beginning of your love life and you will have many more relationship’s in the future. But the most important is your studies which should not tampered with at any cost.

5. Future Uncertainty: The uncertainty of future is the primary concern of many students. Especially with the recession many students are worried about their future and recovering the money they spent in university. The best way to handle this is to concentrate on your studies and make sure that you are giving your education all your best effort. This will help to increase your chances of getting a job.

If you are working hard and doing well in university there is no way that you will remain jobless after the end of your university education. The recession is only temporary, but the skills and knowledge that you will learn in university will last forever.

About Author

Stress Relief -
About the Author:

To get more free tips on how to manage your student stress go to Everything About Stress Relief Newsletter http://www.everythingaboutstressrelief.com and claim your free report “The Stress Relief Strategy” today.

Not enough time, boss pushing for work to be completed, children are loud, bills to pay, shopping to be done, housework to do, partner asking for your help… and to top it all off you’re suppose to be nice to people by communicating effectively with them? Yikes!

If you’re like me, you find it hard to communicate in stressful moments. Stress management techniques don’t always do the trick. In response to stress, you either become aggressive towards other people to release stress or you become submissive to hide the stress.

Showing aggression towards another person temporarily feels okay, but then reality kicks in as you feel even more stressed from having hurt the other person. When you are submissive and hide your stress, it internally eats at you as your emotions get suppressed, which then hurts your relationships.

When under stress, your communication style will change in response to the situation. You can go from a cool and collected person one moment, yet when a stressful situation impinges your tolerable threshold your calm style likely shifts to the aggressive or submissive behaviors.

What behavior you fall back on in stressful situations is the one you have been comfortable with in the past that will have “protected” you. It’s a natural human extinct built within us that we use to block out external factors and listen to internal ones. You probably now are able to realize that stress causes you to block external factors, such as other people’s feelings, as your interpersonal communication skills decline. You begin to only worry for your internal factors.

When someone has surpassed their tolerable stress level, telling them to get their “act together” or how ineffective their current communication is, does not work. It won’t work for you either. Communicating better in intense conflict is a matter of managing stress otherwise it is next to impossible to deal with conflict.

Stress motivates us to take action, but it too often works against us. I’ve come up with the best five ways and techniques to manage stress that you can use to deal with difficult conflict:

1) Stop the stress from rising in the first place. The best technique to deal with stress is to stop it from occurring altogether. You can incorporate other stress management techniques listed below into your stress plan before you get stressed in conflict.

2) Breathe. When your stressed levels rise, you breathe shallowly. This causes you to enter the fight or flight response that hurts your ability to effectively communicate. When your stress levels rise, take several deep, slow breathes and you will instantly reduce your stress levels.

3) Accept responsibility for how you feel. It is tempting and too easy to release your stress on other people. Do not treat people inappropriately. If you treat people in a way they don’t want to be treated, you build their stress levels, which they will be happy to put back on you.

When you accept responsibility, you live in truth. you eliminate blame. You do not become a victim of others. You take control of your feelings. Your new levels of responsibility builds your self-control and ability to manage stress.

If someone causes you stress, you need to address the person by explaining to them how you feel, why you feel that way, and what can be done to fix the problem. Do not stress out the person by focusing your reason for being stressed directly on the person, but focus on the problem. Be problem oriented and not person oriented.

4) Take time out. Walking away is a guaranteed stress management technique to refresh your mind. If you can afford to go on a Caribbean cruise, go for it! For others who cannot do that, go for a walk or workout at the gym. Being active releases hormones that counter stress. Being away from the stress also takes your mind off the problem and gives you clearer thoughts and feelings. Be sure to address the problem after your time out, however, otherwise you will only have temporarily avoided the real issue.

5) Be flexible. Stress is like the sunrise and sunset. It is inevitable. Therefore, the best way to deal with it is to change your behavior and communication. You need to be able to recognize when others are stressed by reading their verbal and nonverbal language then adjust yourself accordingly. Be flexible by going a bit out of your way for them to assist their temporary needs and wants. Don’t run around the world for them, but do be more aware and respondent of them. This can lead you to less stress.

Bonus Tip: Ask others about your responses in stressful moments. It is useful to ask others what you do when you enter that threshold level where you begin to block out external factors. Just ask them what you are like and how it makes them feel when you are stressed. You are to ask other people about this because assessing yourself when you experience heavy emotions is an inaccurate source of information.

Stress shouldn’t make you miserable. We were given the ability to be stressed to get things done otherwise we would sit on our lazy behinds all day. Learn these ways to manage your stress to effectively communicate, and you will better manage your relationship communication in stressful moments.

About Author

Joshua Uebergang -
About the Author:

Joshua Uebergang is a world-renowned effective communication skills coach that integrates approaches like stress management into communication.

I know that many of you will be thinking what will meditation do for me, why is it so important and of course ‘I don’t have time to sit around trying to clear my head, I’m busy’. Well let’s be honest here, do you suffer from stress, now think about this a little more, because the answer is yes and if you’re not sure about that read on and think a little more…and don’t forget to check out my recommendation for easy stress relief.

Why Are We All Stressed?

With modern day living comes the hectic and ever demanding pace of live, it’s no wonder that many of us feel stressed and overworked and how many of us take this home with us, how many others feel the impact of the stress we feel?

Our stress and tiredness of everyday life lead us to the feelings of unhappiness, frustration and a lack of patience when it comes to dealing with even the most simple every day routines. Not to mention the impact that all this has on our health, the tiredness that we feel, the ever nagging inner voice reminding us that we need to do this and that and the other. Or the demands of our boss, our clients, our family and friends all add up to making life one big stress ball.

‘I’m stressed out’, ‘work is one big stress’, ‘I’m under too much stress’, ‘the kids are stressing me out’, these are all phrases that we are all too familiar with and it is also an acceptable part of every day life.

How Do I Define My Stress?

Stress is hard to define as it means different things to different people; however, one thing that is perfectly clear to all of us is that stress is a negative emotion, negative energy as opposed to positive.

Stress can be both physical and mental. Physical stress could be the result of a lack of sleep, or a poor diet and even an effect of an illness. Mental stress can be worrying about money, or how you’re going to survive retirement, or from experiencing a devastatingly emotional event such as the death of a family member, or being fired from work.

Our Natural Stress Response System

But did you know that much of our stress comes from less dramatic everyday routines. Obligations and pressures which are both physical and mental are not always that obvious to us and in response to these daily strains our body automatically invokes a stress response which floods your body with chemicals which increases your blood pressure, your heart rate, the blood flow to your muscles, your metabolism and your respiration. All of these responses are natural reactions so that our bodies are ready to react quickly and effectively under high pressure situations, termed fight or flight. Now whilst a stress response is useful in true emergency situations when you need to be on alert, it can considerably wear your body down when constantly active.

We are all continuously reacting to stressful situations, which is termed stress response, but without making adjustments in our lives to counter the effects. Stress can cause physical, emotional and behavioral disorders which affect our health, vitality and peace of mind; and of course it also affects our personal and professional relationships. Stress is also the key cause to many minor illnesses such as insomnia, headaches and backaches on top of the life threatening diseases such as high blood pressure and even heard disease.

It is also very true that every person handles stress differently, take for example a major life decision like changing careers, or moving house. I know some of you are cringing at the thought, but I also know that some of you would relish the thought. Whatever may be overwhelming to some people might actually be seen as a welcome change to others. An even simpler example is sitting in traffic, some people find this too much to tolerate tooting their horns and screaming out for more coffee, whilst others just take it in their stride maybe with the help of a little music, or a happy thought.

So what’s the answer? Well, aside from the inexhaustible amount of drugs available to reduce stress, which include free side effects I may add, there’s one very simple and natural way to reduce stress that takes 10 to 20 minutes of your day and has no side effects, meditation.

Our Natural Relaxation Response System

Earlier I mentioned that the secret to reducing your stress is by making adjustments in your life to counter the effects of stress, well this is done by evoking a relaxation response within you.

A relaxation response is a state of deep rest that is the opposite of the stress response. The relaxation response brings your body back into balance by deepening your breathing, reducing the stress chemicals in your body, slowing down your heart rate and relaxing your muscles. It also increases your energy, improves your focus, relieves headaches and other aches and pains, heightens your problem solving skills and boosts motivation and productivity and the best news is that with a little practice anyone can gain from these benefits.

Recommendations

As many of you out there are new to meditation and I am certain that there are also many of you who don’t want to get into depth of how to meditate or what form of meditation to use and want a quick head start, I would recommend you begin with an affordable audio meditation. I use several and one that is particularly good for stress relief is Totally Tranquil by Holothink and you can pick up a free ten minute demonstration by clicking on, or copying and pasting this link into your browser: http://holothink.com/hg/?a=V1L0R1YlpM

also increases energy and focus, combats illness, relieves aches and pains, heightens problem-solving abilities, and boosts motivation and productivity. Best of all – with a little practice – anyone can reap these benefits.

deepening your breathing, reducing stress hormones, slowing down your heart rate and blood pressure, and relaxing your muscles.

a state of deep rest that is the polar opposite of the stress response.
this is known as Just ten or twenty minutes a day of meditation will bring relief from chronic stress and also increase your tolerance to it.

Remember, each person handles stress differently. Some people actually seek out situations which may appear stressful to others. A major life decision, such as changing careers or buying a house, might be overwhelming for some people, while others may welcome the change. Some find sitting in traffic too much to tolerate, while others take it in stride. The key is determining your personal tolerance levels for stressful situations.
Stress can cause physical, emotional and behavioral disorders which can affect your health, vitality, peace-of-mind, as well as personal and professional relationships. Too much stress can cause relatively minor illnesses like insomnia, backaches, or headaches, and can contribute to potentially life-threatening diseases like high blood pressure and heart disease.

Stress can also be mental: when you worry about money, a loved oneÕs illness, retirement, or experience an emotionally devastating event, such as the death of a spouse or being fired from work.
However, much of our stress comes from less dramatic everyday responsibilities. Obligations and pressures which are both physical and mental are not always obvious to us. In response to these daily strains your body automatically increases blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, metabolism, and blood flow to you muscles. This response, is intended to help your body react quickly and effectively to a high-pressure situation.

With the hectic pace and demands of modern life, many people feel stressed and over-worked. It often feels like there is just not enough time in the day to get everything done. Our stress and tiredness make us unhappy, impatient and frustrated. It can even affect our health. We are often so busy we feel there is no time to stop and meditate! But meditation actually gives you more time by making your mind calmer and more focused. A simple ten or fifteen minute breathing meditation as explained below can help you to overcome your stress and find some inner peace and balance.

Meditation can also help us to understand our own mind. We can learn how to transform our mind from negative to positive, from disturbed to peaceful, from unhappy to happy. Overcoming negative minds and cultivating constructive thoughts is the purpose of the transforming meditations found in the Buddhist tradition. This is a profound spiritual practice you can enjoy throughout the day, not just while seated in meditation.

Hi there,

http://www.morphogeneticmeditation.com is a new social network site for meditation. It is based on morphogenetic field theory, which encompasses theory of a collective consciousness. The aim of my website is to bring people together whether you are new to meditation, or a meditation guru and arrange group meditation across the globe.

Yes, that’s right, I want to have people collectively meditating on any chosen topic at the same time anywhere in the world and thus improving your success with meditation and also manifestation. I want to prove to the world through your success that the collective consciousness exists and so I want you to share your success with everyone.

We are also going to arrange times for everyone on the site to get together at a predetermined time and meditate on peace, love and happiness and raise awareness of the collective consciousness.

At http://www.morphogeneticmeditation.com you will be able to add a whole host of content including video, pictures, music, your own blog, submit articles, post classified advertisements, post upcoming events and of course make friends, chat, learn and meditate. MorphopgeneticMeditation.com is your very own meditation social network so come along and have some fun at http://www.morphogeneticmeditation.com

Come and join us in our quest to make this world and your world a better place to live in through collective meditation.

About Author

Steve Young -
About the Author:

At http://www.morphogeneticmeditation.com you will be able to add a whole host of content including video, pictures, music, your own blog, submit articles, post classified advertisements, post upcoming events and of course make friends, chat, learn and meditate. MorphopgeneticMeditation.com is your very own meditation social network so come along and have some fun at http://www.morphogeneticmeditation.com

Come and join us in our quest to make this world and your world a better place to live in through collective meditation.

Holidays are supposed to be fun and exciting. But with all the responsibilities and traditions they usually turn out to be really stressful time. But the most important thing about holidays is that people spend some quality time with their loved ones and enjoy every moment of it.

In order to make sure that you enjoy the holiday season with your friends and family and not get frustrated by all the stress of the holidays, listed below are some useful tips that will provide you some practical tips on how to manage holiday stress.

1. Time Management

The best way to avoid any stress during the holidays is start planning before time. This is a fool proof way of enjoying the holidays without any stress as you will know that you have planned everything in advance and this will help you not to lose your mind if something goes wrong.

Start planning ahead of time, it is a great idea to do your shopping in advance. Buy all the holiday shopping early and buy food items that can be stored, so you don’t run out of food during the holidays.

2. Plan Your Gifts And Presents

Getting the right gifts are definitely appreciated and are an important tradition in the holidays. Buying gifts in advance is a good idea. If you have relatives or friends living out of town then it is best if you do shopping online for them.

This way you can get the gifts delivered to them directly. It saves you valuable time and relieves a lot of pressure on your shoulders. Besides, you can buy almost everything that you can think of online.

3. Budget Your Finances

If you don’t have a lot of money to buy gifts for everyone, just budget to  buy a gift for only one or two people. This is not only a good way of saving money, but also an excellent way to relieve the financial holiday stress.

So you will not have to think too much about what to buy for whom, if you only buy gifts for the most importnant people in your life. All you have think about it is that he or she really likes your gift.

4. Enjoy The Moments

When you finally are spending time with your friends and family make sure you are enjoying every moment of it. You spend all year worrying about work and career, this is the only time that you get to be tension free, so don’t ruin it by stressing out and worrying about every little detail.

Everyone in your social circle and family understands the holiday pressure and responsibilities. Even if something does go wrong nobody will really care as long as everyone is together.

Holidays come only once a year and are the meant to be treasured. There are many people in this world who are not fortunate enough to enjoy the holidays as much as you can.

So don’t let anything get in the way of having wonderful holidays, follow these simple and effective tips that will help you get through the holidays stress free.

About Author

Stress Relief -
About the Author:

To get more free information on how to manage your holiday stress. Join Everything About Stress Relief Newsletter http://www.everythingaboutstressrelief.com and claim your free report “The Stress Relief Strategy” today!

Stress- A Part of Daily Life

Existence is a gradually becoming a very complicated process. In the olden days, life was much simpler. People were bothered with the day to day proceedings. They did not have much complicated life styles. Their unhappiness was much more basic. Maybe it stemmed from lack of money or resources, or the illness of relatives etc. The word ‘stress’ was virtually unknown at that time. These days, every few sentence includes the word stress in it. Most people do not quite realize what exactly it is.

The word ’stress’ is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as "a state of affair involving demand on physical or mental energy". A situation or circumstance (not always adverse), which can disturb the normal physical and mental health of an individual. In medical terms ’stress’ is defined as an alteration of the body’s homeostasis. This demand on mind-body occurs when it tries to cope with incessant changes in life.

A ’stress’ condition seems ‘relative’ in nature. Extreme stress conditions, psychologists say, are detrimental to human health but in moderation stress is normal and, in many cases, proves useful. Stress, nonetheless, is synonymous with negative conditions.

"Nothing gives one person so much advantage over another as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances."
—Thomas Jefferson

The events that provoke stress are called stressors, and they cover a whole assortment of situations – everything from absolute physical danger to making a class presentation.

The human body responds to stressors by activating the nervous system and specific hormones. The hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to produce more of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol and release them into the bloodstream. These hormones speed up heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Blood vessels open wider to let more blood flow to large muscle groups, putting our muscles on alert. Pupils dilate to improve vision. The liver releases some of its stored glucose to increase the body’s energy. And sweat is produced to cool the body. All of these physical changes prepare a person to react quickly and effectively to handle the pressure of the moment.

This natural reaction is known as the stress response. Stress in certain circumstances may be experienced positively. Eustress, for example, can be an adaptive response prompting the activation of internal resources to meet challenges and achieve goals. But the stress response can also cause problems when it overreacts or fails to turn off and reset itself properly.

Good Stress and Bad Stress

The stress response (also called the fight or flight response) is critical during emergency situations, such as when a driver has to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident. It can also be activated in a milder form at a time when the pressure’s on but there’s no actual danger – like stepping up to take the foul shot that could win the game, getting ready to go to a big dance, or sitting down for a final exam. A little of this stress can help keep you on your toes, ready to rise to a challenge. And the nervous system quickly returns to its normal state, standing by to respond again when needed.

But stress doesn’t always happen in response to things that are immediate or that are over quickly. Ongoing or long-term events, like coping with a divorce or moving to a new neighborhood or school, can cause stress, too. Long-term stressful situations can produce a lasting, low-level stress that’s hard on people. The nervous system senses continued pressure and may remain slightly activated and continue to pump out extra stress hormones over an extended period. This can wear out the body’s reserves, leave a person feeling depleted or overwhelmed, weaken the body’s immune system, and cause other problems.

Although just enough stress can be a good thing, stress overload is a different story – too much stress isn’t good for anyone. For example, feeling a little stress about a test that’s coming up can motivate you to study hard. But stressing out too much over the test can make it hard to concentrate on the material you need to learn.

Pressures that are too intense or last too long, or troubles that are shouldered alone, can cause people to feel stress overload. Here are some of the things that can overwhelm the body’s ability to cope if they continue for a long time:

• being bullied or exposed to violence or injury
• relationship stress, family conflicts, or the heavy emotions that can accompany a broken heart or the death of a loved one
• ongoing problems with schoolwork related to a learning disability or other problems, such as ADHD (usually once the problem is recognized and the person is given the right learning support the stress disappears)
• Overcrowded schedules, not having enough time to rest and relax, and always being on the go.
• Problems in the work place, rivalry with colleagues.  

Some stressful situations can be extreme and may require special attention and care. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a very strong stress reaction that can develop in people who have lived through an extremely traumatic event, such as a serious car accident, a natural disaster like an earthquake, or an assault like rape.

Some people have anxiety problems that can cause them to overreact to stress, making even small difficulties seem like crises. If a person frequently feels tense, upset, worried, or stressed, it may be a sign of anxiety. Anxiety problems usually need attention, and many people turn to professional counselors for help in overcoming them.

People who are experiencing stress overload may notice some of the following signs:

• anxiety or panic attacks
• a feeling of being constantly pressured, hassled, and hurried
• irritability and moodiness
• physical symptoms, such as stomach problems, headaches, or even chest pain
• allergic reactions, such as eczema or asthma
• problems sleeping
• drinking too much, smoking, overeating, or doing drugs
• sadness or depression

Experiences of stress differ from person to person. Some people become angry and act out their stress or take it out on others. Some people internalize it and develop eating disorders or substance abuse problems. And some people who have a chronic illness like blood pressure, blood sugar, arthritis etc may find that the symptoms of their illness flare up under an overload of stress.

Stress-management skills work best when they’re used regularly, not just when the pressure’s on. Knowing how to "de-stress" and doing it when things are relatively calm can help one get through challenging circumstances that may arise. Here are some things that can help keep stress under control.

• Taking a stand against over scheduling: If one is feeling stressed, one must consider cutting out an activity or two, opting for just the ones which are most important.
• Being realistic. It is not necessary to be perfect. No one is. And expecting others to be perfect can add to one’s stress level, too. It also puts a lot of pressure on them. If one needs help on something, one should ask for it.
• Getting a good night’s sleep. Getting enough sleep helps keep one’s body and mind in great shape, making one better equipped to deal with any negative stressors. Because the biological "sleep clock" shifts during adolescence, many teens prefer staying up a little later at night and sleeping a little later in the morning. But if one stays up late and still needs to get up early, one may not get all the hours of sleep one needs.
• Learn to relax .The body’s natural antidote to stress is called the relaxation response. It’s your body’s opposite of stress, and it creates a sense of well-being and calm. The chemical benefits of the relaxation response can be activated simply by relaxing. You can help trigger the relaxation response by learning simple breathing exercises and then using them when you’re caught up in stressful situations. And ensure you stay relaxed by building time into your schedule for activities that are calming and pleasurable: reading a good book or making time for a hobby, spending time with your pet, or just taking a relaxing bath.
• Treat your body well. Experts agree that getting regular exercise helps people manage stress. (Excessive or compulsive exercise can contribute to stress, though, so as in all things, use moderation.) And eat well to help your body get the right fuel to function at its best. It’s easy when you’re stressed out to eat on the run or eat junk food or fast food. But under stressful conditions, the body needs its vitamins and minerals more than ever. Some people may turn to substance abuse as a way to ease tension. Although alcohol or drugs may seem to lift the stress temporarily, relying on them to cope with stress actually promotes more stress because it wears down the body’s ability to bounce back.
• Watch what you’re thinking. Your outlook, attitude, and thoughts influence the way you see things. Is your cup half full or half empty? A healthy dose of optimism can help you make the best of stressful circumstances. Even if you’re out of practice, or tend to be a bit of a pessimist, everyone can learn to think more optimistically and reap the benefits.
• Solve the little problems. Learning to solve everyday problems can give you a sense of control. But avoiding them can leave you feeling like you have little control and that just adds to stress. Develop skills to calmly look at a problem, figure out options, and take some action toward a solution. Feeling capable of solving little problems builds the inner confidence to move on to life’s bigger ones – and it can serve you well in times of stress.

Some people are very resilient under stressful situations. They’re cool under pressure and able to handle problems as they come up. They are very well balanced and capable.

About Author

Dr Sayani Basu -
About the Author:

Dr Sayani Basu has started her career since 1999. Being a student of Psychology her research area is Ego psychology, stress, and aggression (towards self and others). Her research was on female Homicide Convicts and Para Suicide Patients. After working in various NGO’s she is currently working as a Senior Lecturer in an eminent Business School in Calcutta. The topics that she teaches are Organization Behavior, Psychology, Human Resource Management, Values and Ethics.

Stress, anxiety and  depression have become big clinical and social problem which can affect anybody. Stress can hinder our ability to concentrate on our tasks and can have a very negative effect on our happiness. So, to stop this serious problem of stress, there are number of stress therapies which can help you in your fight against stress.

One of the most useful therapies which are gaining much popularity because of its effectiveness is sound therapy. This therapy not only helps you overcome stress, but can also make you sufficiently mentally strong to face the stress that you could get in future.

Sound therapy has brought a new revolution in the field of stress prevention and management.  Sound therapy, works by you listening to some particular type of  either classical or relaxation music everyday at certain times. Using this technique on a regular basis will help  to reduce  your stress everyday. Your ear becomes receptive to the high and low tones of the music, which stimulated your hearing organs. This sound is then passed to the nerve cells of the brain, which have a calming effect on our mind, and takes way the tiredness. Using this technique on a regular basis will help  to reduce  your stress everyday.

You can have the benefit of sound therapy at any place. It doesn’t matter whether you are at your home, your workplace or any other place. All you need is music player and the CD/ cassette of the sounds as prescribed under the therapy. This way you don’t have to waste any time to take special sessions. Also this therapy is very cheap and affordable when you compare it to other forms of stress relieving procedures.

You don’t have to consume harmful medications, and so you don’t have to worry about any side effects. All you have to listen to the tapes for around two hours per day. You would see the benefit of the sound therapy in fighting stress in matter of few months.

Sound therapy is also known to improve the creativity and concentration of people. You can think in a much clearer way and be more confident of your decisions.  Sound therapy can also help people who have trouble sleeping, and it can help you to fall sleep easier every night. It can also fight many phobias like phobias of dark, height and people.

Sound therapy is especially useful for children who have a short attention span and can’t concentrate on their studies. It will help them to overcome many inherent problems like dyslexia and ADHD. So, if your child is not able to concentrate on simple tasks, now you know what to do.

But you should understand that sound therapy works when you listen to some certain kind of classical music, not just any music. If you listen to wrong type of music, it can even have negative effects on your mind. So if you want to seek sound therapy, you should go to an expert who can tell you the ways to fight your stress through sound therapy effectively.

About Author

Stress Relief -
About the Author:

To get more free information on how to manage your stress with sound therapy. Join Everything About Sound Therapy Newsletter and claim your free mini-course ” Sound Therapy Secrets” http://www.everythingaboutstressrelief.com/soundtherapy today.

Stress is your response to any physical, emotional or intellectual demands. Stress is a major contributing factor either directly or indirectly, to coronary artery disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, accidental injuries, cirrhosis of the liver and suicide; the six leading causes of death in the United States. Although we can’t eliminate stress, we can all do a better job in managing it. Stress management includes following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and making time for uninterrupted relaxation.

Symptoms

Symptoms of stress can be either behavioral or physical. They are different for everyone, but some common signs that you’ve had too much excitement and need to slow down include:

Impatience or Edginess – Lack of Enjoyment – Sleep Problems – Exhaustion.

Common physical symptoms of stress include: muscle tension, headaches, low back pain,

insomnia and high blood pressure.

These symptoms may manifest themselves psychologically as irritability, anxiety, impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, frustration and anger. And some people who have a chronic illness may find that the symptoms of their illness flare up under an overload of stress.

Healthy Lifestyle

Stress management should be a major concern for a healthy lifestyle. Effective stress management is a lifestyle and we must learn to incorporate into our daily lives. A commitment to live a healthier lifestyle should never take a back seat, especially not to stress. Stress management is not only an urgent need in today’s fast-paced lifestyle, but an important factor in both physical and mental health. In the alternative, if stress is more the result of one’s lifestyle, eliminating the stress causing factors and/or gaining healthful insight on how to alleviate stress the right way might just be the best thing for an individual to do for themselves.

Stress Nutrition

Nutrition is one area where stress can be reduced most effectively, because we eat every day at least 3 times a day, so even the smallest of changes could bring about significant benefits. Stress can and does also result from unbalanced and inappropriate nutrition; excessive use of socially acceptable intoxicants; suppressive drugs and vaccinations; environmental toxins; negative emotions; lack of physical exercise; genetic factors; and improper body alignment. Stress nutrition is a program specifically designed to combat stress dysfunction and attempts to meet individual biochemical requirements by providing the right amount of each nutrient in proportion to every other nutrient.

Fitness

For decades, fitness professionals have had various degrees of success motivating clients and making them accountable for a healthy lifestyle. There is evidence that you can reduce stress, prevent chronic diseases including depression and improve happiness through ongoing mental fitness training. A complete nutritional approach, combined with proper fitness maintenance and stress management is most important. Exercise and physical fitness act as a buffer against stress, so that stressful events have a less negative impact on psychological and physical health.

Exercises And Sports

You can help trigger the relaxation response by learning simple breathing exercises and then using them when you’re caught up in stressful situations. Other people rely on exercise and participating in their favorite sports and games to spend pent up energy. Not all stress is bad and an example would be in sports. Joining a sports team, even with your co-workers can increase the work fun level, and reduce the tension. Exercises such as golf, tennis, handball, biking, and other sports have shown to help people relax.

Conclusion

Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress. The tricky part of managing stress is that, when dealing with stressful events that are enjoyable « the good stress », you may not always notice how stressed you feel until you experience the more serious stress symptoms, or until you feel overwhelmed. Positive stress is desirable for your own good, and also for the good of your family and also for the society as a whole.

About Author

Paul Rodgers -
About the Author:

Exercise and physical fitness act as a buffer against stress, so that stressful events have a less negative impact on psychological and physical health. Find out more about Stress Management

Paul Rodgers specializes in marketing natural health and beauty products

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Life styles of people have dramatically changed over the years and this has invariably increased the risk of diabetes and hypertension.

1.1 GENERAL PERSPECTIVE
The cause of most disease cannot be enumerated, but factors that enhance the effect of the disease can be typically analyzed. People from different backgrounds have different life styles that can either contribute positively or negatively to their health (Apochi, 2004) A big question is, “How do people manage stress”, and “How often do people eat fruits and vegetable” Stress basically increases the sugar level in blood; sugar are among the basic energy storage molecule in the body (Raven & Johnson 1996). Imperatively, how often do people go for medical check up? Is our environment conducive for living, and have we considered the environmental risk factors responsible for certain ailment like Diabetes and hypertension? Well, Drugs, hectic life style, food type, environmental condition, habits and more could be leading factor linked to high blood pressure, Diabetes and many other infections. Considering Diabetes and hypertension genetics cannot be disregarded as most of such ailment could be inherited (www.bhf.org.uk).
A simple questionnaire containing information that will aid a simple statistical analysis which will further “breed” an hypothesis on whether or what  causes Diabetes, hypertension, stress and effect of antioxidant on these issues. Antioxidants basically are found in fruits and vegetable they help in the reduction of oxidative stress, which may also be a link to both hypertension and Diabetes (Health Monitor, 2006).

Aim of this data collection
The data collection is to aid the processing and derivation of information leading to drawing out a hypothesis relating to lifestyle, feeding habit, as related to stress-linked hypertension and diabetes and or genetically inherited diabetes and hypertension plus the effective role of antioxidant or the principle of antioxidant in curbing such issues. Information regarding genetics as conflicted to causes of hypertension and diabetes will be compared to physical data collection and correlation of this data to brood an effective link/cause of both diabetes and hypertension amongst adult workers.
Facts were drawn from Victoria Island, Ikeja and Gbagada; Bankers, Traders, Doctors, Nurses, Insurance Company workers, Business men & women and more gave information on their life style as related to their health issues. A little bit controversial, people from both angles (Diabetic, hypertensive and non Diabetic and hypertensive) gave information similarly regarding their life style and living conditions. But, with the help of a statistical analysis we will be able to draw a conclusion and simple hypothesis on this issue.

1.2 HYPERTENSION
Experts know that many different factors are linked to high blood pressure, but experts do not still fully understand the exact cause.

Factors that are linked to high blood pressure include:
Aging
Drinking more than 2 alcohol drinks a day for men and more than one alcohol drink a day for women.
Eating a lot of sodium salt
Being over weight or obese
Having high cholesterol
Not exercising
Being under a lot of stress.
Eating Diets low in potassium, magnesium and calcium
Being insulin resistant.

On the generality of this, blood pressure is the measure of the force that the blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them. It is normal for blood pressure to increase when you exert yourself, or when you feel stressed or anxious. But if your blood pressure is consistently higher than normal at rest, this is high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Statistics has it that about 3 in 10 adults have high blood pressure in the UK. It is much more common in older people: 7 out of 10 people in their 70s have high blood pressure (www.bpassoc.org.uk). In Gbagada, Victoria Island and Ikeja we will find out the rate at which people have high blood pressure.

Blood is pumped normally around the body by the heart carrying oxygen and nutrients. As a result of the pumping action of the heart and the size and flexibility of the arteries that carry blood, the blood is under pressure. This blood pressure is an essential and normal part of the way the body work.

High blood pressure will develop if:
The walls of your layer arteries lose their elasticity and become rigid.
The small blood vessels become narrower (ww.bhf.org.uk)
It is important for people to do medical check-up on blood pressure regularly. It is very dangerous if it is not properly controlled. How can it be controlled if you don’t check it up to know your blood pressure status? However, blood pressure is measured with a monitor called Sphygmomanometer. This is a digital box attached to a tube with a cuff on the end. The cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated to a certain level, then deflated slowly. A sensor in the cuff provides information about the blood pressure or a Doctor or Nurse will listen to the blood flow using a stethoscope. The result is expressed as two numbers such as 120/80 mm GH (“One Hundred and Twenty over Eighty Millimeters of Mercury”).The top figure is the systolic blood pressure: A measure of pressure when your heart muscle is contracting and pumping blood. This is the maximum pressure in your blood system. The bottom figure is the diastolic blood pressure, this is the pressure between the heart beats when the heart is resting and filling with blood. This is the minimum pressure in your blood system. If you suffer from diabetes is even more important that your blood pressure is lower than this- ideally less than 130/80mmh.

Types of High Blood Pressure
Primary hypertension and Secondary hypertension.
Primary Hypertension: More than 9 in 10 people with high blood pressure have what is called “Primary” or essential hypertension. This means that there is no single clear cause of it. Like I said previously the exact cause of high blood pressure is not fully understood. It is known that some factor to do with your life style can contribute (OLayinka, 2003).
Secondary Hypertension: Around 1 in 20 people with high blood pressure have “secondary hypertension”. This means your condition can be linked to a recognized cause-in fact, it may be a symptom of another underlying disease or factor such as:
Kidney disease
Endocrine disease
Narrowing of the aorta
Steroid medicines
The contraceptive pill
Pregnancy, which can cause pre-eclampsia.
You may also need some test to see if high blood pressure is having an effect on the rest of your body. These may include:
An analysis of urine (protein in your urine may be the first sign of kidney problem).
A blood test, to check your cholesterol and blood sugar levels as well as the condition of your kidneys.
An ECG (Electrocardiogram), which record the electrical changes happening in your heart.

Monitoring
24hrs Ambulatory monitoring. You may need 24-hours testing to measure your blood pressure over 24-hours.
Treatment
Slightly raised blood pressure may not be treated so aggressively, but regular monitory is important. If you have a very severe high blood pressure, you may need to go to hospital for treatment. But it is much more likely that you will be cared for by a Nurse. (www.bpassoc.org.uk, www.bhf.org.uk)

1.3 DIABETES
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough or any of the hormone insulin, or when the insulin produced doesn’t work effectively. In diabetes, this causes the level of glucose in the blood to be too high. Diabetes can also be viewed from this perspective: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (Dorman, 2004).
There are two main common forms of diabetes, these are the type one diabetes and type two diabetes, and these were initially called the insulin dependent diabetes and non insulin dependent diabetes respectively.
In Type 1 diabetes the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, causing a severe lack of insulin. This is thought to be the result of the body attacking and destroying its own cells in the pancreas – known as an autoimmune reaction. It’s not clear why this happens, but a number of explanations and possible triggers of this reaction have been proposed. These include:
Infection with a specific virus or bacteria;
Exposure to food-borne chemical toxins; and
Exposure as a very young infant to cow’s milk, where an as yet unidentified component of this triggers the autoimmune reaction in the body.
However, these are only hypotheses and are by no means proven causes. Type 2 diabetes is believed to develop when: The receptors on cells in the body that normally respond to the action of insulin fail to be stimulated by it – this is known as insulin resistance. In response to this more insulin may be produced, and this over-production exhausts the insulin-manufacturing cells in the pancreas; there is simply insufficient insulin available; and the insulin that is available may be abnormal and therefore doesn’t work properly.
The following risk factors increase the chances of someone developing Type 2 diabetes:

Increasing age;
Obesity; and
Physical inactivity.
Rarer causes of diabetes include:
Certain medicines;
Pregnancy (gestational diabetes); and
Any illness or disease that damages the pancreas and affects its ability to produce insulin e.g. pancreatitis.
What doesn’t cause diabetes?
On the cause of this research we will find out what may possibly not cause diabetes and what facilitates diabetes. Many scientists believe that eating sweets or wrong kind of food does not cause diabetes, but obesity instead. However according to our findings obesity is associated with people developing type two diabetes. Further more they also believe that stress does not cause diabetes, although it may be a trigger for the body turning on itself as in the case of Type 1 diabetes. It does, however, make the symptoms worse for those who already have diabetes.
Diabetes is not contagious. Someone with diabetes cannot pass it on to anyone else (Hicks, 2004).

What causes diabetes? It is believed that some drugs could lead to the cause of diabetes. Drugs such as steroids, Dilantin, and others may elevate the blood sugar through a variety of mechanisms. Certain other drugs, such as alloxan, streptozocin, and thiazide diuretics, are toxic to the beta cells of the pancreas and can cause diabetes. Certain syndromes (for example, Prader-Willi, Down’s, Progeria, and Turner’s) may result in a hyperglycemic state; if this state is prolonged, the result can be permanent diabetes. (Guthrie, 2003).
Diabetes resulting in an insulin-dependent state is classified as Type 1 diabetes. While Type 1 diabetes affects only between 5 to10 percent of the diabetic population, its effects on the body can be worse than other forms of diabetes. In the past, Type 1 has been known as juvenile or juvenile-onset diabetes (because it is usually diagnosed in those under thirty), brittle diabetes, unstable diabetes, and ketosis-prone diabetes. People in this classification more frequently exhibit the classic symptoms, usually with ketones present in blood and urine. A blood-sugar level of 800 mg/dl (44 mmol) or more, especially if ketones are not present, indicates a diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (a state in which the body is extremely dry (dehydrated), the chemicals in the body are concentrated, and the blood sugar is high). As stated before, diabetes is a syndrome or group of diseases (rather than one disease), leading to the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Type 1 is most associated with the killing of the beta cells, most likely by the body’s own immune system. Either the immune system cannot kill an infecting agent, which then kills the beta cells, or the immune system itself goes “wild,” attacking the body’s own tissue and destroying the beta cells. The cells of the islets of Langerhans are inflamed, resulting from an infectious-disease process (for example, mumps) or, more commonly, from an autoimmune (allergic to self) response.
The autoimmune process results in the circulation of antibodies that may either cause or be caused by beta-cell death. If it is found that the antibodies cause beta-cell destruction (the body fighting what it now considers foreign to itself), the body’s response to the Type 1 diabetes is much less severe (i.e., easier to control) with treatment. Until then, the outcome is a lack of available insulin. While the onset is said to be sudden, changes resulting in decreased insulin availability may have occurred over a longer period of time. In short, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an inherited defect of the body’s immune system, resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.  (Guthrie and Guthrie, 2003).

1.4 STRESS RELATED DIABETES
Stress, both physical and mental, can send your blood sugar out of whack (Nelson, 2004).
It’s hard to dispute that most of us live life at breakneck speed. It’s the nature of a fast-paced society, where numerous family, social, and work obligations can easily overpower your precious time and resources. But for people with diabetes, both physical and emotional stress can take a greater toll on health (Nazario, 2004).
This is a simple biological phenomenon that when a person is undergoing stress, the persons blood sugar level rises. During stress hormones like epinephrine (A substance produced by the medulla (inside) of the adrenal gland. The name epinephrine was coined in 1898 by the American pharmacologist and physiologic chemist (biochemist) John Jacob Abel) and cortisol (the primary stress hormone. Cortisol is the major natural GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) in humans) becomes active as their major function amongst others is to raise blood sugar level which, helps to boost energy when needed. Emotional and physical trauma keeps these hormones working as they are designed to aid you when you are stressed. Logically they want to give you energy to fight the cause of such stress, but, the adverse effect becomes eminent. People who aren’t diabetic have compensatory mechanisms to keep blood sugar from swinging out of control. But in people with diabetes, those mechanisms are either lacking or blunted, so they can’t keep a lid on blood sugar, says (David, 2004). When blood sugar levels aren’t controlled well through diet and/or medication, you’re at higher risk for many health complications, including blindness, kidney problems, and nerve damage leading to foot numbness, which can lead to serious injury and hard-to-heal infections. Prolonged elevated blood sugar is also a predecessor to cardiovascular disease, which increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
In diabetes, because of either an absolute lack of insulin, such as type 1 diabetes, or a relative lack of insulin, such as type 2, there isn’t enough insulin to cope with these hormones, so blood sugar levels rise (Richard, 2004).
Anything upsetting like going through a breakup or being laid off is certainly emotionally draining. Being down with the flu or suffering from a urinary tract infection places physical stress on the body. It’s generally these longer-term stressors that tax your system and have much more effect on blood sugar levels. Since stress has virtually become a way of life, you may not even notice you’re frazzled. A lot of people will identify stressors such as an illness in the family (something large) but may not recognize the stress of the holidays or a hectic time at work (something smaller or shorter in duration).

1.5 STRESS RELATED HYPERTENSION.
Reducing stress can help lower blood pressure. Stress is a normal part of life. But too much stress can lead to emotional, psychological and even physical problems — including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, chest pains or irregular heart beats. When you are exposed to long periods of stress, your body gives warning signals that something is wrong. These physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral warning signs should not be ignored. They tell you that you need to slow down. If you continue to be stressed and you don’t give your body a break, you are likely to develop health problems. You could also worsen an existing illness. (Curtis, 2007)
If stress itself is a risk factor for heart disease, it could be because chronic stress exposes your body to unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. Studies also link stress to changes in the way blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack.
1.6 GENETICS AND DIABETES
type one diabetes: it is believed that diabetes is likely to be inherited amist the other possible links and cause. In families it is studied that first degree relatives have a higher risk of developing type one diabetes than unrelated individuals from the general population (approximately 6% vs <1%, respectively) (Dorman and Bunker, 2000). These data suggest that genetic factors are involved with the development of the disease. At present, there is evidence that more than 20 regions of the genome may be involved in genetic susceptibility to type one diabetes. However, none of the candidates identified have a greater influence on type one diabetes risk than that conferred by genes in the HLA region of chromosome 6. This region contains several hundred genes known to be involved in 4 immune response. Those most strongly associated with the disease are the HLA class II genes (i.e., HLA-DR, DQ, and DP). IDDM1. The HLA class II genes, also referred to as IDDM1, contribute approximately 40-50% of the heritable risk for T1D (Hirschhorn et al., 2003).
Type two diabetes: It has long been known that Type two diabetes is, in part, inherited. Family studies have revealed that first degree relatives of individuals with Type two diabetes are about 3 times more likely to develop the disease than individuals without a positive family history of the disease (Flores et al., 2003; Hansen 2003; Gloyn 2003). It has also been shown that concordance rates for monozygotic twins, which have ranged from 60-90%, are significantly higher than those for dizygotic twins. Thus, it is clear that Type two diabetes has a strong genetic component. One approach that is used to identify disease susceptibility genes is based on the identification of ca n d i d a t e   g e n e s   ( B a r r o s o   e t   a l . ,   2 0 0 3 ;   S t u m v o l l ,   2 0 0 4 ) .   C a n d i d a t e   g e n e s   a r e   s e l e c t e d   b e c a u s e   t h e y   a r e   t h o u g h t   t o   b e   i n v o l v e d   i n   p a n c r e a t i c   ²  c e l l   f u n c t i o n ,   i n s u l i n   a c t i o n   /   g l u c o s e   m e t a b o l i s m ,   o r   o t h e r   m e t a b o l i c   c o n d i t i o n s   t h a t   i n c r e a s e   T y p e   t w o   d i a b e t e s   r i sks (e.g., energy intake / expenditure, lipid metabolism). To date, more than 50 candidate genes for Type two diabetes have been studied in various populations worldwide.
However, results for essentially all candidate genes have been conflicting. Possible explanations for the divergent findings include small sample sizes, differences in Type two diabetes susceptibility across ethnic groups, variation in environmental exposures, and gene-environmental interactions. Because of current controversy, this review  w i l l   f o c u s   o n l y   o n   a   f e w   o f   t h e   m o s t   p r o m i s i n g   c a n d i d a t e   g e n e s .   T h e s e   i n c l u d e   P P A R ³,   A B C C 8 ,   K C N J 1 1 ,   a n d   C A L P N 1 0 .

 S e v e r a l   T y p e   t w o   d i a b e t e s   S u s c e p t i b i l i t y   G e n e s

R R   =   r e l a t i v e   r i s k
U P P A R ³  ( p e r o x i s o m e   p r o l i f e r a t o r s – a c t i v a t e d   r e c e p t o r – ³)   U .   T h i s   g e n e   h a s   b e e n   w i d e l y   s t u d i e d   b e c a u s e   i t   i s   i m p o r t a n t   i n   a d i p o c y t e   a n d   l i p i d   m e t a b o l i s m .   I n   a d d i t i o n ,   i t   i s   a   t a r g e t   f o r   t h e   h y p o g l y c e m i c   d r u g s   k n o w n   a s   t h i a z o l i d i n e d i o n e s .   O n e   f o r m   o f   t h e   P P A R ³  g e n e   ( P r o )   d e c r e a s e s   i n s u l i n   s e n s i t i v i t y   a n d   i n c r e a s e s   T y p e   t w o   d i a b e tes risks by several folds. Perhaps more importantly is that this variant is very common in most populations. Approximately 98% of Europeans carry at least one copy of the Pro allele. Thus, it likely contributes to a considerable proportion (~25%) of Type two diabetes that occurs, particularly among Caucasians.
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: An uncommon form of T2D (accounting for <5% of all T2D cases) that generally occurs before age 25 years is MODY. MODY is characterized by a slow onset of symptoms, the absence of obesity, no ketosis, and no evidence of beta cell autoimmunity. It is most often managed without the need for exogenous insulin. MODY displays an autosomal dominant pattern inheritance, generally spanning three generations (Stride and Hattersley, 2002).

1.7 GENETICS AND HYPERTENSION
Scientists at the University of Virginia and Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., have discovered three variants in a kidney gene that indicate the most common type of hypertension. Their findings, the result of “18-year” collaboration between the two schools, are allowing development of the first predictive medical test for high blood pressure, according to an article in the March 19 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
The researchers report that these gene variations, either by themselves or through interaction with variations of other genes, are associated with essential hypertension in several populations: Caucasian American, Ghanaian and Japanese. The presence of these gene variants, also called polymorphisms, can be determined by a simple genetic test used to assess an individual’s risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension). The test is based on detection of inherited gene variations that encode for a protein called G protein coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4). GRK4 variations are associated with an inability to eliminate sodium from the body. This discovery has led to a high quality test that should be suitable for screening a large number of patients based on a fluorescent molecular beacon assay, and will aid physicians in their diagnosis of genetic forms of hypertension, (Robin, 2002).
The genetic information disclosed by the new test will allow physicians to provide guidance to patients with a family history of hypertension who wish to know if they should modify their lifestyles to help prevent the debilitating consequences such as kidney failure, heart failure, stroke, blindness or high blood pressure, (Felder, 2002).
Essential hypertension – a type that classifies 50 percent of hypertension – affects 25 percent of the world’s adult population and is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction and heart and kidney failure. Although scientists have believed this condition to be hereditary, determining the genetic cause of essential hypertension was previously difficult because blood pressure level results from a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.
Patients with even a single GRK4 variation have a significant lifetime risk for developing hypertension, said Dr. Pedro A. Jose, professor of pediatrics and of physiology and biophysics at Georgetown University, and senior author of the journal article. We have now identified the genetic abnormalities that cause this error and so we have a better idea of the impact of these gene variations in the development of hypertension in three distinct racial groups.
Identification of this leading cause of hypertension should lead to improved medical treatments for the disease but, the belief of these scientists is it really true?

1.8 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIOXIDANT IN DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION

Very simply put, an antioxidant is something that prevents or slows down oxidization. This can be very beneficial to the health, for instance the cholesterol in our bodies is not necessarily harmful until it becomes oxidized, which then causes it to start clinging to our blood vessels which as you know can then lead to some serious health related heart problems. Antioxidants can help to prevent this and thus make a very positive contribution to your overall general state of health and physical well being (Gorman, 2003)
Have you had your lycopene today? If you ate a green salad with fresh chopped tomatoes, then you not only got a healthy dose of this powerful antioxidant, but you have also taken significant action toward lowering your blood pressure.
A recent double-blind study conducted in Israel has confirmed what hearth-healthy Italians have enjoyed for centuries – tomatoes (and tomato sauce) lower blood pressure and the risk of heart disease (Paran, 2007). Tomatoes are so effective at lowering blood pressure because they contain lycopene. This potent antioxidant is even the focus of some hybrid tomatoes processed by Tomatoes Company in Nigeria (Gino tomatoes).
Long-Term Antioxidant Intervention Improves Myocardial Microvascular Function in Experimental Hypertension (Martin, 2003). Hypertension increases oxidative stress, which can impair myocardial microvascular function and integrity. However, it is yet unclear whether long-term antioxidant intervention in early hypertension would preserve myocardial perfusion and vascular permeability responses to challenge. Pigs were studied after 12 weeks of renovascular hypertension without (n=8) or with daily supplementation of antioxidants (100 IU/kg vitamin E and 1 g vitamin C, n=6), and compared with normal controls (n=7). Myocardial perfusion and microvascular permeability were measured in vivo by electron beam computed tomography before and after 2 cardiac challenges (intravenous adenosine and dobutamine). Basal left ventricular muscle mass was also obtained. Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in both groups of hypertensive animals (without and with antioxidants, 123±9 and 126±4 mm Hg, respectively, versus normal, 101±4 mm Hg; both P<0.05), but muscle mass was not different among the groups. The impaired myocardial perfusion response to adenosine observed in hypertensives (normal, +51±14%; P<0.05 versus baseline; hypertension, +14±15%; P=0.3 versus baseline) was preserved in hypertensive pigs that received antioxidants (+44±15%; P=0.01 compared with baseline). Long-term antioxidant intervention also preserved subendocardial microvascular permeability responses in hypertension. On the other hand, antioxidant intervention had little effect on the hypertension-induced myocardial vascular dysfunction observed in response to dobutamine. This study demonstrates that the impaired myocardial perfusion and permeability responses to increased cardiac demand in early hypertension are significantly improved by long-term antioxidant intervention. These results support the involvement of oxidative stress in myocardial vascular dysfunction in hypertension and suggest a role for antioxidant strategies to preserve the myocardial microvasculature. (Krier et al, 2003).
Most of the food that many people eat, such as fast food and other food sources high in processed carbohydrates sugars and fat, contain very low levels of antioxidants. As well as being low in antioxidants, these items actually increase your cholesterol level; this can lead to some serious health issues that pose serious health risk. (Heath monitor, 2006).

1.9 HYPOTHESES
H0: Stress is not linked with hypertension
H1: Stress is linked with hypertension
H0: Stress is not linked with diabetes
H1: Stress is linked with diabetes
H0: Antioxidant cannot curb hypertension
H1: Antioxidant can curb hypertension
H0: Antioxidant cannot curb diabetes
H1: Antioxidant can curb diabetes
H0: Hypertension is not hereditary
H1: Hypertension is hereditary
H0: Diabetes is not hereditary
H1: Diabetes is hereditary

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 MATERIALS

The major materials used were: a comprehensive questionnaire and data analysis software. These two materials are very effective in processing information for statistical analysis. Biological raw data can be mathematically analyzed, computed and intensely verified for effective result. Different people have different believes and tenets, but, such believes have to be reasonable hypothesis and proven.

2.1 REVIEW OF HYPOTHESIS
H0: Stress is not linked with hypertension
H1: Stress is linked with hypertension
H0: Stress is not linked with diabetes
H1: Stress is linked with diabetes
H0: Antioxidant cannot curb hypertension
H1: Antioxidant can curb hypertension
H0: Antioxidant cannot curb diabetes
H1: A    ntioxidant can curb diabetes
H0: Hypertension is not hereditary
H1: Hypertension is hereditary
H0: Diabetes is not hereditary
H1: Diabetes is hereditary

2.2 DATA COLLECTION (QUESTIONNAIRE)
Data are research facts that are based on respondents’ answers to questions. There are types of data like parametric and non parametric data; the former is in numerical values while the later is the type I am applying in this research which is nominal or ordinal like sex, age, nationality and more (Oludotun, 2007). Information are processed data while a questionnaire is a form of mechanism for obtaining information, data to be processed and opinions of people about certain issues. Questionnaires have a number of advantages and disadvantages when compared with other evaluation tools. The key strengths and weaknesses of questionnaires are summarized in bullet points below. In general, questionnaires are effective mechanisms for efficient collection of certain kinds of information. They are not, however, a comprehensive means of evaluation and should be used to support and supplement other procedures for evaluating and improving research hence an evaluating soft ware is also utilized in this research as indicated above.
2.3 ADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRES:
They permit respondents time to consider their responses carefully without interference from, for example, an interviewer.
Cost: It is possible to provide questionnaires to large numbers of people simultaneously.
Uniformity: Each respondent receives the identical set of questions. With closed-form questions, responses are standardized, which can assist in interpreting from large numbers of respondents.
Can address a large number of issues and questions of concern in a relatively efficient way, with the possibility of a high response rate.
Often, questionnaires are designed so that answers to questions are scored and scores summed to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes and opinions of the respondent.
They may be mailed to respondents although this approach may lower the response rate.
They permit anonymity. It is usually argued that anonymity increases the rate of response and may increase the likelihood that responses reflect genuinely held opinions.
The responses are gathered in a standardized way, so questionnaires are more objective, certainly more so than interviews.
Generally it is relatively quick to collect questions using a questionnaire.
Potential information can be collected from a large portion of a group. This potential is not often realized, as returns from questionnaires are usually low. However return rates can be dramatically improved if the questionnaire is delivered and responded to in time.

2.4 DISADVANTAGES OF QUESTIONNAIRES
Questionnaires, like many evaluation methods occur after the event, so participants may forget important issues.
Questionnaires are standardized so it is not possible to explain any points in the questions that participants might misinterpret. This could be partially solved by piloting the questions on a small group of people or at least friends and colleagues. It is advisable to do this anyway.
Open-ended questions can generate large amounts of data that can take a long time to process and analyze. One way of limiting this would be to limit the space available to students so their responses are concise or to sample the people and survey only a portion of them.
Respondents may answer superficially especially if the questionnaire takes a long time to complete.
People may not be willing to answer the questions. They might not wish to reveal the information or they might think that they will not benefit from responding perhaps even be open by giving their real opinion. People should be told why the information is being collected and how the results will be beneficial. They should be asked to reply honestly and told that if their response is negative this is just as useful as a more positive opinion.

2.5 LOCATION IN VIEW
The locations considered: Ikeja, Gbagada, Victoria Island. These areas are both industrial and residential areas. Majority of people in these areas have different life styles and different ways of attending to health issues.

2.6 CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE IN VIEW
People, who take taxies to work, some take private cars, public buses and even bikes. Many of them spend long time in traffic, and even spend long time at work.   
2.7 METHOD OF DATA PROCESSING

There are so many methods applied in investigation of statistical analysis among these are design and survey which are the two methods used. The software used in the analysis of the data collected from the questionnaire is the statistics package for social scientist (SPSS). Based on the fact that the data collected through the questionnaire are non-parametric, they are first analyzed into percentile, mean, mode and median. Furthermore a correlation is made between related information coined from the data in the questionnaire and chi square test into symmetric measure which shows Pearson’s ranking and spearman correlation to produce an efficient result to test if the null hypothesis is accepted or the alternative hypothesis is accepted.  
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESULT

The questionnaires were collected and analyzed using statistical package for social scientist (SPSS), these were tabulated as percentile, mean and modal information that was further correlated with cross-tabulation, chi square test and symmetric measure. The result shows that stress increases diabetes and hypertension. Antioxidants reduce the effect of diabetes and diabetes and hypertension are both hereditary.

3.1 SECTION A: BIO-DATA
The three locations (Gbagada, Victoria Island and Ikeja) were fused together in a tabular form depicting information in quantity (mode) and in percentage. The tables below are results from the fusion of data from Gbagada, Victoria Island and Ikeja based on some related question on the questionnaire.

Table 1: Age of Respondent


Table 1 shows 56.3% of workers fell in the lower category of age while 43.8% fell in the higher category of age; 18-25 and 26-33 respectively.

Table 2: Marital Status


In table 2, a large number of the respondents are single (94.9%) while the rest were either married or divorced.

Table 3: Nature of Job


Table 3 shows the kind of jobs the respondents do, there were more people on the white collar jobs.   

Table 4: Family History of Hypertension


Table 4 shows that many hypertensive people had traces of family members that were hypertensive.

Table 5: Family History of Diabetes


Table 5, 12% were found to be valid for diabetic traces in their families.



Table 6: Distance to Workplace shows 30.4 valid percent of people living very far from their workplaces.

Table 7: Conditions of the Roads


Table 7 verifies that 51.7% go to work on bad roads.

Table 8: Duration of time spent in Traffic Daily


Table 8, indicates that a higher percent of workers spend about 2hours in traffic.

Table 9: Transportation system to Workplace


Table 9 shows that 43.8 go to work on bike, 36.9 go to work in private cars, 1.1 use commercial buses.

3.3 Section C: Use of Fruits and Vegetables

Table 10: Respondents cook and eat vegetables outside those incorporated into food


In table 10, 62.5% against 29.5% respondents eat vegetables outside those incorporated into food.
Table 11: Respondents eat fruits often


Table 11 depicts that a high frequency of respondents eat fruits.
Correlation/cross-tabulation of parameters closely investigated hypothesis. Samples from the cross relationship showed 13 respondent who were hypertensive out of 35, they spend about 2hours in traffic while 10 out of 34 respondent who were hypertensive spend lesser time in traffic; that is to say stress aggravates diabetes.
For diabetes majority of people who spend more time at work did not respond well to treatment. The chi-square test gave 0.508 which is greater than 0.05 this accepts the alternative hypothesis. Results show that antioxidants curb both diabetes and hypertension, 54 respondents, 17 are hypertensive and eat enough vegetable, but 37 people of the 54 respondents are not hypertensive but eat enough vegetables. More respondent have family members that are both hypertensive and diabetic.

Table 12: Effect of stress on hypertensive patience

CASESCORRELATED QUESTIONSVALIDMISSINGTOTALNPERCENTNPERCENTNPERCENTTRAFFICADURATION OF TIME SPENT IN TRAFFIC DAILY* ARE YOU HYPERTENSIVE?6939.2%10760.8%176100%BDURATION OF TIME SPENT IN TRAFFIC DAILY* WHEN LAST DID YOU CHECK YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE?6335.8%11364.2%176100%CDURATION OF TIME SPENT IN TRAFFIC DAILY* KIND OF MEDICATION(S) USED?5631.8%12068.2%176100%DDURATION OF TIME SPENT IN TRAFFIC DAILY* ANY IMPROVEMENT?3821.6%13878.4%176100%WORKEDAILY TIME AT WORK* HYPERTENSIVE?6838.6%10861.4%176100%FDAILY TIME AT WORK* CHECK OF BLOOD PRESSURE?6436.4%11263.6%176100%GDAILY TIME AT WORK* KIND OF MEDICATION USED5631.8%12068.2%176100%HDAILY TIME AT WORK* ANY IMPROVEMENT?3821.6%13878.4%176100%

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DISCUSSION

The level of stress back in the days of our fathers compared to the present life style was relatively small.
Physical and mental stress increase the blood sugar level which in turn increases the pressure the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels. When the rate or speed of blood pumping from the heart around the body increases consistently then you are susceptible to high blood pressure (Olayinka, 2003). The primary hypertension is more common; about nine in ten people suffer from that primary hypertension. There is virtually no clear cause of that one.
The secondary hypertension is more critical with one person in twenty people suffering from it; its cause could be linked to other underlying diseases (www.bhf.org.uk). We have been able to show that People who spent 10hours at work could trigger or aggravate the incidence of high blood pressure. Unsatisfactory job conditions and long time in traffic also triggered the incidence of hypertension. We could show that about 2% of hypertensive people spent less than and equal to 30 minutes in traffic while about 3% of hypertensive people spent about 2hours in traffic. These facts prove that stress leads to high blood pressure.
A large percentage of people with essential hypertension have genetic abnormalities of their peripheral arteries (arterioles) — the small arteries that supply blood to the body’s tissues. This genetic abnormality makes the walls of the arteries stiff so there is greater resistance to the blood flowing through them. (www.medicinenet.com).
A higher number of those with high blood pressure had members of their family with high blood pressure (13 out of 21 respondents that are hypertensive have family members that are hypertensive from the result). Genetic factors may contribute to an estimated thirty percent of cases of essential hypertension (high blood pressure of unknown cause). In the United States, high blood pressure occurs more frequently among African Americans than among white or Asian Americans. Adult African American men are most at risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The reason remains unknown, especially since non-American adult African men have very low occurrences of hypertension.  One of the relating factors to high blood pressure is sodium salt; this was sited previously. Some scientist believe that the black American adult suffering from high blood pressure can be linked to the time of the slave trade, when they were crossing the see they must have been affected by the high sea concentration of salt. This is just an assumption. (www.webmd.com).
Diabetes is mainly in two forms except for other minor but important types like MODY: maturity onset diabetes in youth and more (Dorman, 2004). The insulin dependent diabetes which is also called the type one diabetes is when all the cells responsible for the production of insulin has been totally destroyed by the body’s own immune system; the non-insulin dependent diabetes also called type two diabetes this is when the receptors responsible for the stimulation of the cells that produces insulin fails this is also called insulin resistance. In response to this excess insulin produced, over time the cell loses the ability to produce enough insulin to control the blood sugar. Cortisol and epinephrine are triggered to produce excess sugar for energy when a person encounters stress (health monitor, 2006). When there is not enough insulin to control the sugar level, diabetes is worsened (McElroy, 2007). It was clearly discovered that those undergoing certain stressful life style were diabetic with poor response to treatment which is another major connection between stress and diabetes (1.1% of those who spent hours in traffic do not respond to diabetic treatment against 0.44% of those who spent lesser time in traffic). Stress makes diabetes worse; even if you are doing everything you can to control your condition (Tennen, 2007).
At present, there is evidence that more than 20 regions of the genome may be involved in genetic susceptibility to type 1diabetes. The genes strongly associated with the disease are the HLA class II genes (i.e., HLA-DR, DQ, and DP). IDDM1. The HLA class II genes, also referred to as IDDM1, contribute approximately 40-50% of the heritable risk for T1D (Hirschhorn et al., 2003).
It was discovered that those that diagnosed their diabetes between the ages 0-20 had more family members with diabetes. It has long been known that “Type two diabetes” is, in part, inherited. Family studies have revealed that first degree relatives of individuals with “Type two diabetes” are about 3 times more likely to develop the disease than individuals without a positive family history of the disease (Flores et al., 2003; Hansen 2003; Gloyn 2003).
Antioxidants reduce hypertension as the rate of vegetable consumption increases. Out of 54 people 37 who consume a very high amount of vegetables reported not to be hypertensive anymore against the remaining 17 people. This simple indication shows that these vegetables help the body in the reduction of hypertensive risk.
Studies on oxidative stress, antioxidant treatment, and diabetic complications have shown that oxidative stress is increased and may accelerate the development of complications through the metabolism of excessive glucose and free fatty acids in diabetic and insulin-resistant states. However, the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications may be tissue-specific, especially for micro-vascular disease that occurs only in diabetic patients but not in individuals with insulin resistance without diabetes, even though both groups suffer from oxidative stress. Although antioxidant treatments can show benefits in animal models of diabetes, negative evidence from large clinical trials suggests that new and more powerful antioxidants need to be studied to demonstrate whether antioxidants can be effective in treating complications. Furthermore, it appears that oxidative stress is only one factor contributing to diabetic complications; thus, antioxidant treatment would most likely be more effective if it were coupled with other treatments for diabetic complications (www.joslin.harvard.edu).
Those workers that indulge in adding extra vegetables to their meal and eating fruits regularly responded to diabetic treatment properly. This only indicates that since vegetables and fruits are good sources of antioxidant, it has positive effect on diabetic patients. Hence the alternative hypothesis is accepted that antioxidants help in curbing diabetes.

Conclusions
Finally we can confidently say that, “stress is related to hypertension, stress is related to diabetes, antioxidant can ameliorate the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes. Hypertension and diabetes are both hereditary these indications are possible because, haven tested the strength and direction of variables and observed the effect of one variable on the other; the alternative hypotheses were now accepted.

REFERENCES
ABAHUSAIN M.A., Wright, J., Dickerson J.W., de Vol E.B. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids in diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr, (1999); 53: 630–5.
Alberti, K.G.M.M., Zimmett, P., Surwit, R. Definition, diagnosis and classification of  diabetes mellitus and its complications part 1: diagnosis and classification of  diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med, (1998). 15: 539-553.

Anjos, S., Polychronakos, C. Mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to type 1:diabetes  beyond HLA. Mol Genet Metab, (2004). 81: 187-195.

Barroso, I., Luan, J., Middelberg, R.P.S.,  Candidate gene association study in type 2  Diabetes indicates a role for genes involved in B-Cell function as well as insulin action. PLoS Biol, (2003). 1: 41-55.
Brown, B.G, Zhao, X.Q., Chait, A. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med (2001); 345: 1583–92.
Collins, F.S., McKusick, V.A. Implications of the Human Genome Project for medical science. JAMA, (2001). 285: 540-544.
Curtis, E. M. Hypertension effect on cardiovascular diseases: Ame Issues on Health    (2007). 71: 340-350
Czernichow, S., Hercberg, S. Interventional studies concerning the role of antioxidant vitamins in cardiovascular diseases: a review. J Nutr Health Aging (2001); 5: 188–95.
Dahlquist, G., Frisk, G., Ivarsson, S.A. Indications that maternal coxsackie B Virus infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for childhood-onset IDDM. Diabetologia, (1995). 38: 1371-1373.
Evans, J.L, Goldfine, ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction? Diabetes (2003); 52: 1–8.
Facchini, F.S., Saylor, K.L. A low-iron-available, polyphenol-enriched, carbohydrate-restricted diet to slow progression of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes (2003); 52: 1204–9.
Frei, B. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins: mechanisms of action. Am J Med (1994); 97: 5S–13S.
Janice, S., Dorman, internal arteriole pressure Ame A Ca (2004): 34:430-6
JOSHUA , A. S., GEORGE L.K.  Research Division, Joslin Diabetes    Center, Harvard Medical School, www.joslin.harvard.edu

Khoury, M.J., Yang, Q., Gwinn, M. An epidemiologic assessment of genomic profilling for measuring susceptibility to common diseases and targeting interventions. Genet Med, (2004). 6: 38-47.

Kim, S.H., Ma, X., Weremowicz, S. Identification of a locus for maturity-onse diabetes of the young on chromosome 8p23. diabetes, (2004)|. 53: 1375-1384.

Kolb, H., Pozzilli, P. Cow’s milk and type 1 diabetes: the gut immune system deserves attention. Immunol Today, (1999). 20: 108-110.

Kyvik, K.O., Nystrom, L., Gorus, F., Gorman, T. The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus is not the same in young adults as in children. Diabetologia, (2004). 47: 377-384.

Robin, A.F., Genetics and Hypertension. March 19 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). (2002)

Sinha, R., Fisch, G., Teague, B. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance       among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med, (2002). 346: 802-810.

Sobngwi, E., Boudou, P., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., et al. Effect of a diabetic environment in utero on predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Lancet, (2003). 361: 1861-1865.

Stride, A., Hattersley, A.T. Different genes, different diabetes: lessons from maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Ann Med, (2002).

About Author

Apochi Vaughn Taghogho -
About the Author:

The art of creativity is his basic line of work, and course of natural selection is the paramount objective of his living, He love music, mtv, channelo, Nigeria, beautiful ladies He calls the soldierlettes, He loves swimming, He loves climbing great height, He loves quest for new things, He loves games. He says… “Tupac preached the thuglife, 50cent talked about the gangster life and Vaughn is preaching the SOLDIER life”, hence the name: Vaughn D Black General. He has done so many reality shows like the African gladiators in 2000, He also did the Gulder ultimate search in 2005, these shows made Him so popular across Africa, hated and loved by many. He has done so many home videos (movies), beautifully, He has presented so many big tv shows on National tv and all. At the moment He’s doing freestyle around universities and streets at the moment in Nigeria. Av Army Entertainment is his priceless dream and tomorrow you will wake up to know the biggest Entrepreneur in the world’s greatest history. By education He is a Geneticist from the University of Lagos always on top of his class…Too many things to talk about well subsequently he shall upgrade this… Vaughn: I would love to work with any firm, corporation, organization Nationally or internationally that would love to do business on a high class. last words, “take it or leave it Vaughn is a general”(smiles) till i meet you tomorrow peace!